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A Presence that disturbs. A call to radical discipleship

Anthony Gittins

Ligouri, Missouri: Ligouri/Triumph, 2002

 

 

Introduction

 

Frankl lived in a concentration camp during World war II.  He concluded that unless he could attribute some meaning to his present predicament and to the suffering around him, even if he were to survive his life would be unbearably prolonged and ultimately meaningless. And life without meaning is no life at all. But if we can find a meaning in life, life can be bearable and productive.

His life statement became : To live you must choose, to love you must encounter, to grow you must suffer.

If we don’t discover a meaning in life and do not choose for a life worth living to the full, we may not have a legacy for the generations who follow us.

 

People can be influenced by the encounters of life experiences (e.g. Wordsworth by Nature). Christians are people who are influenced by the encounter with God. è The have to act. They felt a presence that disturbed them, they have to become a presence that disturbs. è We must choose to live, to encounter and to suffer in order to discover meaning in life.

 

 

Chapter 1 : Searching for meaning. Renewing discipleship

 

When we look for meaning in life it is good to look back. Then questions rise : Who are we ? What are we doing ? Why ? It can help us to see where we are going and may us help to see God’s hand in our journey. It may help us also to make corrections.

If we look back to our Christian history and compare it with our time we see that many people left the Church. Many look for Spirituality and meaning but don’t find it in the Church. So what hope is there for Christians and Christianity ?

 

Some images of God may help :

-        God as a sugar daddy à This God does not disturb us. We make up how God is.

-        God as a restlessness pursuer à God loves us, and at the same time He sends us. Those who are disturbed by God are also sent to be a presence that disturbs.

-        God as a disturbing presence à As we call ourselves Christians we cannot ignore the cries of the poor. As Church we are the body of Christ. We are our brother’s and sister’s keepers. We cannot leave evangelisation and justice to others.

-        A true experience of God à Every real encounter, every real experience of God makes people restless, more inspired and more engaged with the world and humanity. By an encounter with God people become disturbed and become disturbers of the status quo.

God has a mission. He dreams of the realm of God and the Church is in the service of the mission. As followers of Jesus we must go wherever there is need, encounter whoever is in need, and do whatever it takes to bring the Good News of redemption and liberation. So mission requires that the disciples are like the master : disturbing presence.

 

Changing understanding of mission

 

Vat II : « The Church is missionary by its very nature. Everyone is a missionary by virtue of baptism. » è Every baptised Christian is called to be missionary.

 

This has not always been understood as such in history, where the missionaries became those who joined the religious elite and mission was for this religious elite (e.g. Jesuits).

 

Changing understanding of Church

 

Where the early church was the Body of Christ, it became in history ‘the people are the body, and the clergy the head. This was taken very literally.

Because the church became much divided and there was a lot of destruction in the church many didn’t believe in it anymore and turned away from the church.

 

Conclusion

 

People have turned away from the church. Yet the message of Jesus remains a beautiful thing. But if our discipleship is to be renewed, we first must first be ‘Spirit-led’. And the Spirit will help us to discover the ultimate meaning of life.

 

 

Chapter 2 : The Holy Spirit : Advocate, comforter, life-giver

 

Introduction

 

Our passionate commitment is important, but it is God who does the work. We may believe that God will never break the covenant He made with us. Our challenge is to remain faithful to God and seek to respond to the spirit’s mission.

 

A first question that we have to ask is : « Do we really believe in the Holy Spirit ? Do we really believe the Lord and Giver of Life is among us ? Do we believe that the Spirit still speaks through prophets ?

 

There are signs that the Spirit is among us. People who believe in the Spirit :

-        look for trouble (# Jesus).

-        Ask to be disturbed

-        Are united though diverse

-        Are convinced they can help to change the world

-        Live exciting lives

 

 

And though there really Spirit-led people, why do so many people do not :

-        We expect God to work miracles

-        We do not look for God’s presence è seems absent

-        We do not want the Spirit to interrupt our plans

-        We forgot the Pentecost story

-        We are afraid what we have to do when we listen to the Spirit

 

If we want the Spirit to ‘renew the face of the earth we have to allow our lives to be interrupted. We don’t like this and often we resist it. If the Spirit speaks to us we might have to change our lives.

The Spirit tried many times to interrupt in the world and the male supremacy.

 

Gittins gives 7 examples where he sees the Spirit interrupt the human agenda’s. The Spirit disturbs :

-        through Jesus à Jesus shook His society by saying that men were not superior and women not inferior. St. Paul : by baptism in the Spirit are all equal in Christ.

-        Through women à Women have always been the soul of the community. Up to the 13th C women where ordained. When many women leave the church, what does the Spirit wants to tell us ?

-        Through service à In the early church was equality important. Nowadays the Church is strong hierarchical. Philippine bishop: « The distrust of the people might be the distrust of the Holy Spirit.

-        Through ecumenism à Jesus prayed ‘that we might be one’ and ‘that they may believe that You have sent me’. Yet there are so many different churches (and non-Catholics even cannot receive communion) and many people don’t believe that Jesus is the Messiah. The Spirit seeks unity and conversion of us all.

-        Through the Eucharist à Jesus used meals as encounters to embrace, to teach and reconcile, to heal and to unite. Ecumenism and Eucharist offer an opportunity to find unity among Christian churches.

When people where hungry and dispirited Jesus said to his disciples : « You give them something to eat. » The disciples had to take initiative. ‘Miracles do not make faith but faith make miracles’.

-        Through children à Abused and abandoned children speak up now. This is a sign of the Holy Spirit. Where people stand up for children, they are the advocate of the Holy Spirit.

-        Through the poor à There are more poor than rich people. God has heard the cry of the poor.

 

 

Chaos and creativity

 

The Spirit is wandering over the chaos (Gen 1). It is from this raw material that God created the cosmos in a creative way.

 

 

Chapter 3 : Imagination, encounter, ministry

 

In the mood for ministry

 

There are different ‘moods’. We can just see things that are there and leave it with that. But we can also look at ‘how it could be’. Yet often our lives our so uninspiring because our imagination is not stimulated. Often we don’t believe things can change.

Spirit-led people are called to live ‘beyond what simply is’. But if we are to bridge the gap between ‘what is’ and ‘what is yet to be’ then they have to live at the edge. It is not an easy gap to bridge and imagination and creativity is needed. Renewing the face of the earth is not an extension of how things are here and now, but it is something new.

Imaginating is a characteristic of young children. If we would allow ourselves to become as little children and use our imagination to imagine a different world. And as Christians we should not be afraid to take risks and to experiment. If we never would use our imagination and take risks the Spirit would be kept quiet. The imagination is the dynamo for ministry.

 

Imaginative ministry

 

If we would be alone we never would act differently, in spite of good intentions. Therefore we need others, imaginative compagnons, who we can encourage. People with imagination need to be risk-takers and have to be within a community which encourages them to take risks. We must be encouraged to strive for great things and to never give up, even though when it gets tough or when we make mistakes or experience failure.

 

Ministry transformed : vision, strategy, structure

 

If we want life-giving developments in our ministry we need to have a vision, making invisible things visible. ‘When there is no vision, the people perish (Prov. 29 :18).

In order for the vision to remain in view the structure must be flexible and adaptable. The vision comes first, but has to be carried out. So some strategies have to set up. The structure is the best from which strategies are set up. Structures identifies the rules in our daily lives.

To sustain the vision, strong leadership is necessary. It is important so that strategies can be discerned and structures can be modified as needed. If there is no strong and good leadership the vision will never be carried out.

 

 

Chapter 4 : Community, communitas and downward mobility

 

A critical choice

 

In order to live in a meaningful way, one has to make choices. This is sometimes painful. But without taking up the cross, there is no real authentic Christianity.

At this moment Christianity is in a crisis. But a crisis is a time of discernment and decision. It offers a context in which discernment and decision are required. Often we like to go around the crisis. But if so no solutions can be found.

 

 

Crisis and community

 

There are different ways of looking at community. When Jesus sent his disciples her didn’t sent them as individuals or a group of individuals. He sent them as a corporate body, with one head and a unity of purpose.

There are different forms of community : where there is mechanical solidarity  (with the same purpose, though none of them realises it)  and where there is organic solidarity (acting in unison, where each one takes up his responsibility). With the organic solidarity unity can be achieved, where there is vision, clarity of purpose, dedication, and living hope.

 

 

Community and cummunitas

 

If people want to create something new, there has to be some ignition. This brief moment of burning energy, of ignition is communitas. It is full of life, imagination, enthusiasm and collaboration. It is utopian, idealistic and risk-taking. But it lasts but a moment and start to die. When people start to organise things communitas becomes community. Community is the institutionalisation of communitas. Both are needed. S Communitas gives the energy to take off, community sustains the level flight. But in the long term renewal can only come from communitas. It is important to rekindle the fire regularly. Therefore we need to find imaginative people who are inspired by the vision of a daring undertaking. People need to have experienced the life-giving energy, the communitas. Communitas requires liminal people, who wants to risk everything. Only liminal people, who are deprived of any status, can erase the barriers that distinguish and divide people. è Communitas is countercultural.

 

Because wonderful, marginal initiatives can become comfortable routine operations after a  few generations one has always to look for ‘the needs of today’. We have to remain liminal, lest we stop living out the mission of the Spirit. The need for permanent liminality is as needed as it was in Jesus’ time. If the Spirit is allowed to work people will go to the edge and leave their save havens. The Church may not recognize them, but if they are of God they will prevail.

 

 

Chapter 5 : The disturbing ministry of Jesus

 

Jesus was a disturbing figure. He challenged the society and the status quo. His essential message is of unification and reconciliation, of outreach and inclusion. If we are to captivated by his dream, we also act as Jesus and become disturbers ourselves.

 

Nature and culture

 

The book of Genesis gives a glimpse of how things should be, filed with mutuality, interrelatedness, and respect. But from the beginning there were dark forces at work, and men took part in them è God confronts them, and so disturbs them.

Humans cannot exist in a pure state of nature. They have to cultivate, modifying the environment by controlling nature. This is culture. But even with al the technological creativity men are incapable of creating balanced harmonious worlds. Cultures are built on separation and division, classification and categorization, discrimination and domination. When people judge they draw a line between them è division, inclusion and exclusion, hierarchy and privilege.

If people wants to survive they have to name and tame, but if they start talking about ‘us’ and ‘them’ they split the ‘we’. This can become so hostile that it leads to war.

At the other hand, when people are hostile to one another, but want to survive  they might find ways of living together and so eventually become friends (e.g. intermarriages).

 

Cultural and social polarities : ‘us’ and ‘them’

 

People from groups :

 

‘Participants insiders’ and ‘participants outsider’ (us and them), ‘non-participant insiders’ and ‘non-participants outsiders’ (e.g. rich and poor).

 

Participants insiders                                                            participants outsider

non-participant insiders                                                       non-participants outsiders

 

 

è Different (religious) worlds are possible.

 

 

The disturbing presence of Jesus

 

In the culture in which Jesus lived there was only a small group of participant insider. Only a small elite could be saved (Pharisees and scribes). The majority not for they were sinners.

Jesus we can put under the insiders (he was Jew) and participants (people called him rabbi/teacher), as well as under the non-participants (carpenter’s son). We also could put him under the outsiders for he crosses the boundaries between Jews and non-Jews. è he is always at the edge.

Important for us Christians is : 1) that Jesus became as a slave (Paul’s letters) (non-participant) and 2) Jesus identified himself as a stranger (Math 25).

How come that so few Christians wants to become a slave or a stranger?

Jesus who choose to be an outsider could mix with outsiders. As a Jew (insider) he took stands for the non-participants and was critical to the participants (religious elite). è God’s/ Jesus’ primary election is not the Church but the poor, the nobodies (children, women, deviant, non-participant males).

 

Jesus calls to return to what God intended. It will always b the excluded who are attracted to Jesus’ message. Jesus told them that they were somebody, that God did not exclude people. The participants didn’t like to hear this. But even they can change their lives.

In human lives there will be always distinction (national, sexe, social), but in the kingdom of God human distinction have no moral significance.

 

 

Chapter 6 : Mentors and midwives, images of discipleship

 

To follow Jesus is to take up the cross. Mentors and midwives are those who stand side by side of those who suffer. They help to make their suffering bearable, and convince them that they are loved. They can bring out the most noble in individuals, and also breathe the Spirit in a community.

 

These mentors and midwives have felt something of God’s disturbing presence. They try discover the fullness of life. And they try not to be self-important, but simply integer people. They proclaim the Good New as not so much by words but by their lives itself. And they encourage people to spread the Good News to others.

 

Mentor : guide, moral support

 

A mentor appears at critical junctions in life, both affirming and disturbing. He encourages the little ones. « You are a child of God, so you are worthwhile ».

 

Our communities needs mentors who strike the spark of creativity. A good mentor is sensitive to friction in the communities, knowing how and when to bring healing and peace to enemies.

 

The midwives : trusted guide, moral support

 

Midwives are committed to life and the well-being of others. They support the mother. Giving new life è  she is moral support. While she is to be found in every culture she has a social, cross-cultural role. She links past/tradition with the present and future, so she is an agent for change.

 

Christians should be midwives, light of the world, salt of the earth, serving the society, supporting it with wisdom.

 

 

Chapter 7 : Strangers in the Spirit of Jesus

 

People are not born stranger, they are made stranger. ‘Stranger’ is always seen from an ‘insiders’ perspective. The insiders make up the boundaries. They expect the stranger to respect it. A stranger is often seen as one who is not self-sufficient and therefore dependent. A stranger is expected to accept the hospitality which is offered. If so, it shows that the stranger is willing to be put in his/her place. From here a new social identity and relationship can be fashioned.

Many in a society see a stranger as a potential threat. These ideas give tension. Some strangers feel uncomfortable and controlled. è They want to change things and take control. When a stranger is treated as a guest, s/he feels at ease.

 

Social conventions and strangers

 

Encounters between stranger and host takes always place where the host is. It is never an equal relationship. The host is always ‘up’, the stranger always ‘down’. In general hosts are hospitable and take the initiative.

 

 

Jesus : switching roles and changing status

 

Jesus changed roles, and so status. He moved from being an insider to an outsider, from up to down, from host to stranger, from master to servant. This means to yield the initiative and control. In this way neither would cling to power.

How did Jesus do this ? è As host he made people feel welcome, and he took the initiative. As guest he allowed the other to take initiative. And he changed the roles when it was appropriate.

If we want to be followers of Jesus we also have to give up our status as host and become stranger ourselves regularly.

 

What can a stranger contribute ?

-        A stranger has a different story.

-        A stranger has different resources, which may be helpful for our society.

-        The stranger opens up the microcosmos and bing the possibility of change.

-        The stranger may bring new fire into the community.

-        Every culture needs strangers. If no strangers come in a culture dies out.

-        Yet it is best to develop slowly the relationships. One has to know another slowly.

-        Sometimes there are problems in the community. A stranger can look at things from a distance.

-        Stranger may remain stranger. He doesn’t have to become like us.